The fact that pericardial effusion is relatively uncommon underscores the need to review its causes, clinical signs, examination findings, and management.

Correctly identifying an arrhythmia starts with understanding cardiac conduction. Review normal cardiac conductivity and waveforms as well as what happens when abnormalities in this system lead to arrhythmias.

Obtaining a complete history is an essential step in a cardiac workup, and answers to these key questions will facilitate the diagnostic process.

Dr. Eriksson De Rezende covers a variety of presentations, the full list of diagnostics (including NT-proBNP), the virtues of sedation, and therapies ranging from the mainstays to that new sirolimus drug.

Dr. Estrada shares how to effectively use ECG in general practice and reviews a comprehensive list of arrhythmias that veterinarians may encounter, including those that could mean trouble.

Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is a critical part of treatment for congestive heart failure in dogs. Could combining an aldosterone antagonist with an ACE inhibitor improve outcomes?

Do you recommend a recheck or immediate echocardiography for a cat with a new murmur? Researchers looked for an objective marker on thoracic radiographs to help answer this question.

How prevalent is cardiac cachexia in cats and what might it mean for survival? Learn what this retrospective study of feline congestive heart failure patients uncovered.

This cardiologist guides you through calculating a vertebral heart scale, its uses, and interpreting findings.

Cardiac troponin I is a biomarker of myocardial cell injury. How useful is cTnI testing when assessing risk for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats?

Pulse assessment is a crucial part of every patient’s physical examination. Learning the proper methods for obtaining an accurate heart rate, rhythm, and pulse quality is crucial for the assessment of systemic health and treatment recommendations.