Lower Urinary Tract Signs in a Cat

The correct answer is D: Idiopathic cystitis.

Idiopathic cystitis is the most common LUTD diagnosis in young adult cats and accounts for more than 50% of cases.^11-15 Urolithiasis is the next most common diagnosis, with struvite being the most common mineral in young adult cats. Urethral plugs have only been diagnosed in male cats. Bacterial UTI is uncommon and accounts for 1% to 4% of LUTD cases.^11-15

The correct answer is D: Idiopathic cystitis.

Idiopathic cystitis is the most common LUTD diagnosis in young adult cats and accounts for more than 50% of cases.^11-15 Urolithiasis is the next most common diagnosis, with struvite being the most common mineral in young adult cats. Urethral plugs have only been diagnosed in male cats. Bacterial UTI is uncommon and accounts for 1% to 4% of LUTD cases.^11-15

The correct answer is D: Idiopathic cystitis.

Idiopathic cystitis is the most common LUTD diagnosis in young adult cats and accounts for more than 50% of cases.^11-15 Urolithiasis is the next most common diagnosis, with struvite being the most common mineral in young adult cats. Urethral plugs have only been diagnosed in male cats. Bacterial UTI is uncommon and accounts for 1% to 4% of LUTD cases.^11-15

The correct answer is D: Idiopathic cystitis.

Idiopathic cystitis is the most common LUTD diagnosis in young adult cats and accounts for more than 50% of cases.^11-15 Urolithiasis is the next most common diagnosis, with struvite being the most common mineral in young adult cats. Urethral plugs have only been diagnosed in male cats. Bacterial UTI is uncommon and accounts for 1% to 4% of LUTD cases.^11-15

The correct answer is D: Idiopathic cystitis.

Idiopathic cystitis is the most common LUTD diagnosis in young adult cats and accounts for more than 50% of cases.^11-15 Urolithiasis is the next most common diagnosis, with struvite being the most common mineral in young adult cats. Urethral plugs have only been diagnosed in male cats. Bacterial UTI is uncommon and accounts for 1% to 4% of LUTD cases.^11-15

The correct answer is C: struvite.

Data from the Minnesota Urolith Center for 2016 show that struvite occurs more commonly than does calcium oxalate in feline uroliths submitted from countries in North America (≈45% vs 35%)²; however, this is not true in other parts of the world. Feline uroliths submitted from South America are approximately equal in distribution between struvite and calcium oxalate (≈40% each). Uroliths submitted from Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe are more likely to be composed of calcium oxalate than of struvite (≈50%-75% calcium oxalate vs ≈15%-40% struvite).²

The correct answer is C: struvite.

Data from the Minnesota Urolith Center for 2016 show that struvite occurs more commonly than does calcium oxalate in feline uroliths submitted from countries in North America (≈45% vs 35%)²; however, this is not true in other parts of the world. Feline uroliths submitted from South America are approximately equal in distribution between struvite and calcium oxalate (≈40% each). Uroliths submitted from Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe are more likely to be composed of calcium oxalate than of struvite (≈50%-75% calcium oxalate vs ≈15%-40% struvite).²

The correct answer is C: struvite.

Data from the Minnesota Urolith Center for 2016 show that struvite occurs more commonly than does calcium oxalate in feline uroliths submitted from countries in North America (≈45% vs 35%)²; however, this is not true in other parts of the world. Feline uroliths submitted from South America are approximately equal in distribution between struvite and calcium oxalate (≈40% each). Uroliths submitted from Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe are more likely to be composed of calcium oxalate than of struvite (≈50%-75% calcium oxalate vs ≈15%-40% struvite).²

The correct answer is C: struvite.

Data from the Minnesota Urolith Center for 2016 show that struvite occurs more commonly than does calcium oxalate in feline uroliths submitted from countries in North America (≈45% vs 35%)²; however, this is not true in other parts of the world. Feline uroliths submitted from South America are approximately equal in distribution between struvite and calcium oxalate (≈40% each). Uroliths submitted from Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe are more likely to be composed of calcium oxalate than of struvite (≈50%-75% calcium oxalate vs ≈15%-40% struvite).²

The correct answer is C: struvite.

Data from the Minnesota Urolith Center for 2016 show that struvite occurs more commonly than does calcium oxalate in feline uroliths submitted from countries in North America (≈45% vs 35%)²; however, this is not true in other parts of the world. Feline uroliths submitted from South America are approximately equal in distribution between struvite and calcium oxalate (≈40% each). Uroliths submitted from Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe are more likely to be composed of calcium oxalate than of struvite (≈50%-75% calcium oxalate vs ≈15%-40% struvite).²

Figure A shows calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, Figure B shows xanthine crystals, Figure C shows struvite crystals, Figure D shows ammonium urate crystals, and Figure E shows cystine crystals.

Figure A shows calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, Figure B shows xanthine crystals, Figure C shows struvite crystals, Figure D shows ammonium urate crystals, and Figure E shows cystine crystals.

Figure A shows calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, Figure B shows xanthine crystals, Figure C shows struvite crystals, Figure D shows ammonium urate crystals, and Figure E shows cystine crystals.

Figure A shows calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, Figure B shows xanthine crystals, Figure C shows struvite crystals, Figure D shows ammonium urate crystals, and Figure E shows cystine crystals.

Figure A shows calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, Figure B shows xanthine crystals, Figure C shows struvite crystals, Figure D shows ammonium urate crystals, and Figure E shows cystine crystals.

The correct answer is B: Xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that competitively inhibits the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the purine pathway. Competitively inhibiting xanthine oxidase decreases uric acid levels in serum and urine. Side effects may include increased xanthine levels, which can result in xanthine crystal and urolith formation.^10,16,17

The correct answer is B: Xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that competitively inhibits the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the purine pathway. Competitively inhibiting xanthine oxidase decreases uric acid levels in serum and urine. Side effects may include increased xanthine levels, which can result in xanthine crystal and urolith formation.^10,16,17

The correct answer is B: Xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that competitively inhibits the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the purine pathway. Competitively inhibiting xanthine oxidase decreases uric acid levels in serum and urine. Side effects may include increased xanthine levels, which can result in xanthine crystal and urolith formation.^10,16,17

The correct answer is B: Xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that competitively inhibits the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the purine pathway. Competitively inhibiting xanthine oxidase decreases uric acid levels in serum and urine. Side effects may include increased xanthine levels, which can result in xanthine crystal and urolith formation.^10,16,17

The correct answer is B: Xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that competitively inhibits the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the purine pathway. Competitively inhibiting xanthine oxidase decreases uric acid levels in serum and urine. Side effects may include increased xanthine levels, which can result in xanthine crystal and urolith formation.^10,16,17

The correct answer is A: low purine, alkalinizing.

Purine content is not provided on food labels. Because purines are found primarily in animal protein, it is assumed that a low-protein diet would also be low in purines. Ammonia and uric acid concentrations in blood and urine are influenced by dietary protein—and thus by dietary purine intake. Limiting dietary protein intake decreases risk for ammonium urate urolithiasis.

In addition, ammonium urate is more soluble with alkaluria as compared with aciduria. Increasing urine volume can also help prevent recurrence.^9,10,18

The correct answer is A: low purine, alkalinizing.

Purine content is not provided on food labels. Because purines are found primarily in animal protein, it is assumed that a low-protein diet would also be low in purines. Ammonia and uric acid concentrations in blood and urine are influenced by dietary protein—and thus by dietary purine intake. Limiting dietary protein intake decreases risk for ammonium urate urolithiasis.

In addition, ammonium urate is more soluble with alkaluria as compared with aciduria. Increasing urine volume can also help prevent recurrence.^9,10,18

The correct answer is A: low purine, alkalinizing.

Purine content is not provided on food labels. Because purines are found primarily in animal protein, it is assumed that a low-protein diet would also be low in purines. Ammonia and uric acid concentrations in blood and urine are influenced by dietary protein—and thus by dietary purine intake. Limiting dietary protein intake decreases risk for ammonium urate urolithiasis.

In addition, ammonium urate is more soluble with alkaluria as compared with aciduria. Increasing urine volume can also help prevent recurrence.^9,10,18

The correct answer is A: low purine, alkalinizing.

Purine content is not provided on food labels. Because purines are found primarily in animal protein, it is assumed that a low-protein diet would also be low in purines. Ammonia and uric acid concentrations in blood and urine are influenced by dietary protein—and thus by dietary purine intake. Limiting dietary protein intake decreases risk for ammonium urate urolithiasis.

In addition, ammonium urate is more soluble with alkaluria as compared with aciduria. Increasing urine volume can also help prevent recurrence.^9,10,18