Evidence of vulvar discharge in an ovariohysterectomized bitch typically prompts presentation to the veterinarian. In addition, intact bitches with discharge during the interestrous interval or bitches with an unusual discharge during the estrous cycle can likewise cause owner concern.
Because vulvar discharge can originate from anywhere in the genitourinary tract (uterus, vagina, bladder, urethra, vestibule/vulva), cytologic evaluation can serve as a complementary diagnostic tool to blood work and ultrasonography. Cytology (ie, vaginal smear) of the vaginal mucosa can confirm any physiologic estrogen effect on the vagina, and cytology of the vulvar discharge can provide additional information about its pathogenesis.