Limb Amputation in Rabbits

Common reasons for limb amputation include neoplasia and trauma. Studies in dogs and cats regarding outcomes cannot be extrapolated to rabbits because they have a hopping gait and different conformation. Medical records of 34 rabbits that had undergone pelvic limb (n = 28) or thoracic limb (n = 6) amputation were reviewed. Rabbits were hospitalized for a median time of 2 days (range, 1–9 days). Twenty-two rabbits experienced acute morbidity (eg, balance disorders [falling toward side of amputation, slipping], problems supporting weight, exacerbation of concurrent disease [eg, osteoarthritis]) and GI abnormalities (eg, ileus, decreased appetite, soft feces). Incisional problems (eg, infection, dehiscence) were also noted. Acute morbidity resolved in 17 of 22 rabbits. Thirty-two rabbits lived long enough to be evaluated for chronic morbidity (eg, difficulty ambulating, hygiene issues, cutaneous ulceration, chronic pain). The median survival of rabbits was 720 days (range, 4–3250 days). Six rabbits were euthanized because of complications, including ongoing difficulty in ambulation and pododermatitis. Ulcerative pododermatitis was a serious complication associated with limb amputation. Risk factors associated with death included age, weight, and concurrent medical problems.

Commentary

Limb amputations in rabbits can result in high client satisfaction and manageable complications if cases are selected carefully. Because most limb amputations are salvage procedures with euthanasia as the alternative, limb amputation should be considered a viable option even if chronic complications are expected. Complete staging should be performed when underlying neoplastic disease is present.—Christoph Mans, Dr. med. vet.

Source

Outcome for client-owned domestic rabbits undergoing limb amputation: 34 cases (2000-2009). Northrup NC, Barron GHW, Aldridge CF, et al. JAVMA 244:950-955, 2014.