It is never too early to start socializing a puppy, and, as long as the puppy remains calm and not fearful, it is never too late to begin. The owner’s goals should be considered when customizing a socialization program, and stimuli relevant to their puppy’s future should be introduced.
Healthy puppies of any age can begin to visit new places at least twice a week. Owners should take care to avoid locations frequented by dogs of unknown health and vaccination status. The puppy should be allowed to explore at its own comfortable pace. Bringing treats and toys can make the experience more pleasant, but if the puppy becomes too frightened to play or take a snack, the session should be ended.
The puppy should be introduced to a variety of humans, beginning with quiet adults. Children that are old enough to be quiet and gentle with dogs should then be introduced. Puppies can be carefully socialized with healthy puppies and adult dogs that are known to be gentle with puppies.
For some puppies, even mild stimuli may seem overwhelming. The socialization plan for these puppies should be modified accordingly. If fear is profound or persistent, a more in-depth behavioral treatment plan should be discussed with the owner, and referral to a boarded veterinary behaviorist is never premature. Repeated exposure in the face of profound fear can lead to sensitization and may not be reversible.