Dentistry & Periodontology

Maxillomandibular Fixation (MMF) is a form of closed reduction resulting in normal occlusion for repair of fractures of the jaw and luxation of the temporomandibular joints.  Dr. Norsworthy illustrates this intricate procedure and the pros and cons of closed vs. open mouth fixation.

When a patient with a known heart murmur experiences anesthetic complications, decisions must be made quickly. How would you handle this dog’s acute hypotension?