Differential Diagnosis: Hypernatremia

Investigate the causes of increased sodium levels with this differential list. 

Top 5 Breed-Specific Considerations to Avoid Adverse Drug Effects

Certain canine breeds known to harbor certain gene mutations and deficiencies may experience adverse drug effects. Genotyping and testing for these mutations can help identify at-risk dogs and minimize drug reactions.

Canine Pelvic Limb Amputation

Follow this step-by-step guide for pelvic limb amputation in dogs.

Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit

Many critically ill patients have significant injuries that can increase the risk for malnourishment. Learn how proper identification, careful planning, and execution of a nutritional plan can be key to successful recovery.

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease

Ocular abnormalities may reflect serious underlying systemic disease. Know what to look for when performing an ophthalmologic examination.